Pronoun¶
Summary¶
A pronoun is a word that indirectly refers to a person or a thing. For example: “John” is a proper name, “man” is a common noun, and “he” is a pronoun; but all three terms can refer to the same person named “John”.
Article¶
A pronoun can function as a noun (personal pronouns), an adjective (demonstrative pronouns), or a relative particle (relative pronouns).
Types¶
There are several different kinds of pronouns in Koiné Greek. Most pronouns can function either as nouns or adjectives in a sentence. When a pronoun functions as a noun, this grammar classifies it as a pronoun. When a pronoun functions as an adjective, this grammar classifies it as a determiner.
Personal Pronoun¶
| Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἐγώ | σύ | |
| Genitive | μου (ἐμοῦ) | σοῦ (σου) | |
| Dative | μοι (ἐμοί) | σοί (σοι) | |
| Accusative | με (ἐμέ) | σέ (σε) | |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | ἡμεῖς | ὑμεῖς | |
| Genitive | ἡμῶν | ὑμῶν | |
| Dative | ἡμῖν | ὑμῖν | |
| Accusative | ἡμᾶς | ὑμᾶς |
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | αὐτός | αὐτή | αὐτό |
| Genitive | αὐτοῦ | αὐτῆς | αὐτοῦ |
| Dative | αὐτῷ | αὐτῇ | αὐτῷ |
| Accusative | αὐτόν | αὐτήν | αὐτό |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | αὐτοί | αὐταί | αὐτά |
| Genitive | αὐτῶν | αὐτῶν | αὐτῶν |
| Dative | αὐτοῖς | αὐταῖς | αὐτοῖς |
| Accusative | αὐτούς | αὐτάς | αὐτά |
Demonstrative Pronoun¶
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | οὗτος | αὗτη | τοῦτο |
| Genitive | τούτου | ταύτης | τούτου |
| Dative | τούτῳ | ταύτῃ | τούτῳ |
| Accusative | τοῦτον | ταύτην | τοῦτο |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | οὗτοι | αὗται | ταῦτα |
| Genitive | τούτων | τούτων | τούτων |
| Dative | τούτοις | ταύταις | τούτοις |
| Accusative | τούτους | ταύτας | ταῦτα |
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | ἐκεῖνος | ἐκείνη | ἐκεῖνο |
| Genitive | ἐκείνου | ἐκείνης | ἐκείνου |
| Dative | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκείνῃ | ἐκείνῳ |
| Accusative | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκείνην | ἐκεῖνο |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | ἐκεῖνοι | ἐκεῖναι | ἐκεῖνα |
| Genitive | ἐκείνων | ἐκείνων | ἐκείνων |
| Dative | ἐκείνοις | ἐκείναις | ἐκείνοις |
| Accusative | ἐκείνους | ἐκείνας | ἐκεῖνα |
Relative Pronoun¶
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | ὅς | ἥ | ὅ |
| Genitive | οὗ | ἧς | οὗ |
| Dative | ᾧ | ᾗ | ᾧ |
| Accusative | ὅν | ἥν | ὅ |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | οἵ | αἵ | ἅ |
| Genitive | ὧν | ὧν | ὧν |
| Dative | οἷς | αἷς | οἷς |
| Accusative | οὕς | ἅς | ἅ |
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | ὅς | ἥ | ὅ |
| Genitive | οὗ | ἧς | οὗ |
| Dative | ᾧ | ᾗ | ᾧ |
| Accusative | ὅν | ἥν | ὅ |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | οἵ | αἵ | ἅ |
| Genitive | ὧν | ὧν | ὧν |
| Dative | οἷς | αἷς | οἷς |
| Accusative | οὕς | ἅς | ἅ |
Indefinite Pronoun¶
Interrogative Pronoun¶
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | τίς | τίς | τί |
| Genitive | τίνος | τίνος | τίνος |
| Dative | τίνι | τίνι | τίνι |
| Accusative | τίνα | τίνα | τί |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | τίνες | τίνες | τίνα |
| Genitive | τίνων | τίνων | τίνων |
| Dative | τίσι(ν) | τίσι(ν) | τίσι(ν) |
| Accusative | τίνας | τίνας | τίνα |
Reflexive Pronoun¶
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | ἐμαυταῦ | σεαυτοῦ | |||
| Genitive | ἐμαυτοῦ | ἐμαυτῆς | σεαυτοῦ | σεαυτῆς | |
| Dative | ἐμαυτῷ | ἐμαυτῇ | σεαυτῷ | σεαυτῇ | |
| Accusative | ἐμαυτόν | ἐμαυτήν | σεαυτόν | σεαυτήν | |
| Plural | |||||
| Genitive | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτῶν | σεαυτῶν | σεαυτῶν | |
| Dative | ἑαυτοῖς | ἑαυταῖς | σεαυτοῖς | σεαυταῖς | |
| Accusative | ἑαυτούς | ἑαυτάς | σεαυτούς | σεαυτάς |
Note: - Reflexive pronouns do not appear in the nominative case because they reflect back on the subject of the sentence. - Reflexive pronouns do not occur in the neuter, only in masculine or feminine. - σεαυτοῦ does not occur in the New Testament in the plural, but we have included it here for completeness.
Reciprocal Pronoun¶
αλληλων
ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν John 1:3
en autō zōē ēn
in him life it was
In him was life
** αὐτῷ** is a taking the place of the noun “λόγος”.